Jim H
Jim H
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N

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Naval, Navel ['neɪ vl̩]

  • Naval (adjective) refers to a water-borne military force.
  • Navel (noun) is the remnant of the umbilicus (whether an innie or an outie); or a similar structure on a type of seedless orange.

Need - see Knead

Night – see Knight

No - see Know

Not – see Knot

O

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Oar, Or, Ore [ʊər]

  • Oar (noun) is a paddle used to propel a boat.
  • Or (conjunction) separates choices.
  • Or (noun) in heraldry, the color gold or yellow.
  • Ore (noun) is a mineral from which a useful material (usually a metallic element) may be extracted.

Ode, Owed [əʊd]

  • Ode (noun) is a poem of praise.
  • Owed (participial adjective) describes a debt.

O, Oh, Owe [əʊ]

  • O (noun) the 15th letter of the Latin alphabet.
  • O (noun) still the name of the letter, but sometimes used to mean zero.
  • Oh (interjection) is an expression of surprise.
  • Owe (verb) means that one entity is indebted to another.

One, Won [wʌn]

  • One (noun) is the first non-negative cardinal number.
  • Won (verb) is the past tense of “win,” meaning to score a victory or achievement.

Our see Hour

Overdo, Overdue [əʊ vər 'du]

  • Overdo (verb) means to move past what was desired, or to achieve too much.
  • Overdue (adjective) describes an obligation that has not been met by the time it was expected.

Overseas, Oversees [əʊ vər 'siːz]

  • Overseas (adjective) means abroad (literally, past the ocean).
  • Oversees (verb, third-person singular) means supervision (also, literally). 

P

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Pail, Pale [peəl]

  • Pail (noun) a bucket.
  • Pale (adjective) devoid of color.

Pair, Pare, Pear [peər]

  • Pair (noun) a set of two things (or people).
  • Pare (verb) to cut up, usually in the context of the kitchen.
  • Pear (noun) a tree or shrub of the genus Pyrus, or the fruit thereof.

Poor, Pore, Pour  [pʊər]

  • Poor (adjective) means having little of (something).
  • Pore (verb) means to examine in depth, as in “to pore over the report.”
  • Pore (noun) is a small opening (as in human skin, or a solid surface) through which gas or liquid will osmose.
  • Pour (verb) means to spill in a controlled fashion, or (of weather) to precipitate in an uncontrolled fashion.

Psi, Scye, Sigh [saɪ]

  • Psi (noun) is the 23rd letter of the Greek alphabet Ψ.
  • Scye (noun) in tailoring, is an armhole or leghole in fabric.
  • Sigh (verb) is to audibly exhale, often to express frustration or disappointment, sometimes to express relief or contentment.

Q

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Queue see Cue  (dah dit dah dit   dah dah dit dah)

R

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Rain, Rein, Reign [reɪn]

  • Rain (noun) is liquid water precipitation.
  • Rein (noun) is a rope used to control a horse (or team of horses).
  • Rein (verb) is the act of using a metaphorical rein, as in, “to rein in that rambunctious one.”
  • Reign (verb) is the action of a monarch, especially ceremonial.
  • Reign (noun) is the period during which a monarch is in his/her/their position.

Raise, Raze (reɪz)

  • Raise (verb) to build up
  • Raze (verb) to tear down

Ray, Re (reɪ)

  • Ray (noun) a beam of light or particles (as in, a sun ray or cathode ray).
  • Re (noun) the second note on the major scale, between do and mi ("a drop of golden sun").

Real, Reel [riːl]

  • Real (adjective) means actual or extant.
  • Reel (noun) is a device for spooling tape, film, rope, or other flexible material.
  • Reel (noun) is a type of dance, as in the Virginia Reel (square dance).
  • Reel (verb) to sway, as if losing balance
  • Reel (verb) to collect onto a spool (“reel in”); metaphorically, to limit someone’s reach

Rho, Roe, Row [rəʊ]

  • Rho (noun) the 17th letter of the Greek alphabet (Ρ ρ)
  • Roe (noun) eggs of various kinds of fish
  • Row (noun) a (usually horizontal) array of items, often ducks
  • Row (verb) to propel a water-borne craft with a blade, which is called an “oar,” as in “Rho, Roe, Row Your Boat” 

Roux, Rue [ru]

  • Roux (noun) is a mixture of flour and fat used to thicken a sauce.
  • Rue (verb) is to regret (having done something wrong).

Rye, Wry [raɪ]

  • Rye (noun) is a glutenous grain, used for making bread and whiskey.
  • Wry (adjective) means using or expressing dry, often mocking, humor.

S

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Scye, Sigh see Psi

Sea, See [siː]

  • Sea (noun) a body of water, smaller than an ocean, either inland, or an extension of the ocean; colloquially, any body of water.
  • See (verb) to detect with one’s eyes.
  • See (verb) in poker, to match another player’s bet; to “call.”

Sew, So, Sol, Sow [səʊ]

  • Sew (verb) is to stitch fabrics together with thread.
  • So (adverb) to such an extent ("She is so pretty").
  • So (adverb) referring back to something. ("It's hot in here." "So it is.")
  • So (conjunction) therefore. ("I swear to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth so anyway...")
  • Sol (noun) is the fifth note on the major scale, between fa and la.
  • Sow (verb) is to plant seeds; or metaphorically, to “plant” an idea.

Son, Sun [sʌn]

  • Son (noun) is one’s male offspring.
  • Sun (noun) is a star; most often, the star about which our planet orbits.

Sou, Sue, Xu [su]

  • Sou (noun) a former French coin of meager value.
  • Sue (verb) means to plead, usually in court for relief from damages.
  • Sue (noun, proper) is a personal name, as in “A Boy Named Sue.”
  • Xu (noun) is a monetary unit from Vietnam, equal to one hundredth of a dong.

(Note: Every single sense of Sue, Sou, etc. is related to money, including the name; "A Boy Named Sue" was rather successful.)

T

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Tail, Tale [teəl]

  • Tail (verb) means to follow someone, usually surreptitiously.
  • Tail (noun) is an appendage in most vertebrates, extending behind the body.
  • Tale (noun) is a story, usually fictional.

Taught, Taut [tɔːt]

  • Taught (verb, past tense of teach) means to have imparted knowledge to another.
  • Taut (adjective) means tight, with no slack.

Tea, Tee, Ti [tiː]

  • Tea (noun) is a beverage made from soaking leaves in (usually) hot water.
  • Tee (noun) is a stand upon which something is placed, in order to impel the something (as a golf tee).
  • Ti (noun) is the seventh note on the major scale ("a drink with jam and bread"), which brings us back to do ("a deer, a female deer").

Team, Teem [tiːm]

  • Team (noun) a collection of people, animals, or machines, or combinations thereof, working toward the same goal.
  • Teem (verb) means to amass in large numbers; said of a teeming crowd or teeming rain.

Tern, Terne, Turn [tɜːn]

  • Tern (noun) is a bird found on seacoasts, related to gulls.
  • Terne (noun) is an alloy of lead and tin.
  • Turn (verb) means to rotate.
  • Turn (noun) is a chance to act (as in a game, “It’s your turn to play”).

The, Thee [ðiː]

  • The (adjective) is the definite article; when pronounced as given, either before a vowel sound, or sometimes just for emphasis (“Are you ‘The’ John Smith?”).
  • Thee (pronoun) is an archaic form of the second-person singular, objective case.

Their, There, They’re [ðeər]

  • Their (pronoun) is the third-person plural (or singular where gender is not specified), possessive case.
  • There (adverb) means “in that place.”
  • There (interjection) means, “Look at this!” Expressed in exultation or awe.
  • They’re (combination and elision) is a contraction of “they are.”

Threw, Through  [θruː]

  • Threw (verb, past tense of throw) means hurled or tossed.
  • Through (preposition) means in one side and out the other, rather than around.
  • Through (adverb) means finished, completed, or condemned.

Throe, Throw [θrəʊ]

  • Throe (noun) (most often in the plural throes) violent pain or struggle, often associated with birth or death.
  • Throw (verb) means to hurl or toss.
  • Throw (verb) can also mean to intentionally lose a competition, usually in exchange for some consideration. (pejorative)

Throne, Thrown [θrəʊn]

  • Throne (noun) is the chair upon which a monarch sits to reign; often metaphorical.
  • Thrown (verb, past participle of throw) means tossed or hurled.

Thyme, Time [taim]

  • Thyme (noun) a culinary herb, of the genus Thymus. Taxonomically, the most common form is Thymus vulgaris (literally, "common thyme").
  • Time (noun) is the indefinite, consistent progress of events in the past, present, and future.  Sometimes regarded as a dimension, similar to the three spatial dimensions. In chemistry, passage of time is marked by the increase of entropy.

Tide, Tied [taɪd]

  • Tide (noun) gravitational effect of a large, orbiting body, forcing bulges toward and away from that body. 
  • Tied (verb, past tense) created a knot, or drew even in a scored event. Thyme and tied weight four know man.

Tighten, Titan ['taɪ tn̩]

  • Tighten (verb) means to secure an object, or make it more secure.
  • Titan (noun) originally referred to figures in Greek mythology, now means any giant (actual or metaphorical) in any field.
  • Titan (proper noun) the largest satellite of the planet Saturn.

To, Too, Two [tuː]

  • To (preposition) means approaching, or reaching; or expressing motion in the direction of.
  • To (adverb) is used with the base form of a verb to mark the infinitive.
  • Too (adverb) in a higher degree than desired.
  • Too (adverb) as well.
  • Two (noun) the cardinal number after one.

Toe, Tow [təʊ]

  • Toe (noun) a digit of the foot.
  • Toe (verb) to step up to, as in “toe the line.”
  • Tow (verb) to pull or drag something behind, usually one vehicle pulling another.

Ton, Tonne, Tun [tʌn]

  • Ton (noun) a unit of weight in the imperial system equal to 2,000 pounds.
  • Tonne (noun) a unit of mass in the International System equal to 1,000 kilograms.
  • Tun (noun) a large cask for beer or wine; or, a unit of volume in the imperial system, equal to 4 hogsheads. (There is inconsistency on the size of a hogshead…by some definitions, this makes "hogshead" a homophone.)

Tracked, Tract [trækt]

  • Tracked (verb, past tense of track) followed the progress of something, as an airplane.
  • Tract (noun) an area of indefinite extent, as in “large… tracts of land.”
  • Tract (noun) a major passage in a body, as in “digestive tract.”
  • Tract (noun) a written treatise.

Troop, Troupe [truːp]

  • Troop (noun) a group of soldiers, especially a cavalry unit commanded by a captain.
  • Troop (verb) move together in large numbers.
  • Troupe (noun) a group of entertainers who tour to different sites to perform.

Turban, Turbine ['tɜːr bən]

  • Turban (noun) a type of headwear based on winding cloth.
  • Turbine (noun) machine for producing continuous power in which a wheel or rotor, typically fitted with vanes, is made to revolve by a fast-moving flow of water, steam, gas, air, or other fluid.

U

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U see Ewe

Undo, Undue [ʌn 'du]

  • Undo (verb) is to reverse some operation (or at least its result).
  • Undue (adjective) means not earned or not called for. [See also due.]

Unreal, Unreel [ʌn 'riːl]

  • Unreal (adjective) means imagined or fictional.
  • Unreel (verb) means to pay out some material stored on a reel. [See also Reel]

V

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Vain, Vane, Vein [veɪn]

  • Vain (adjective) means conceited or self-important.
  • Vane (noun) is a device to show the direction of wind.
  • Vein (noun) is a major circulatory vessel, taking blood to the heart.
  • Vein (noun) is a deposit of valuable ore.

Vale, Veil [veəl]

  • Vale (noun) is a valley (often used in poetry).
  • Veil (noun) is a covering, most often of one’s face.

Vial, Vile, Viol ['vaɪ l̩]

  • Vial (noun) is a small container (usually of rare liquid).
  • Vile (adjective) is a synonym for evil (also an anagram of evil).
  • Viol (noun) is a stringed instrument, from the baroque period.

Vice, Vise [vaɪs]

  • Vice (noun) is a habit or indulgence, usually connoting sin, but is probably just not good for one.
  • Vise (noun) is a tool for holding something tightly.

W

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Wait, Weight [weɪt]

  • Wait (verb) to delay, in anticipation of something.
  • Weight (noun) the force due to gravitation, proportional to mass.

Way, Weigh [weɪ]

  • Way (noun) A method of accomplishing something; or a thoroughfare.
  • Weigh (verb) To measure mass, using gravitational forces.
  • Weigh (verb) To lift a ship's anchor, in preparation to set sail.

We, Wee, Whee [wi:]

  • We (pronoun) First-person, plural, nominative case.
  • Wee (adjective) Small or tiny, as in "a wee lad."
  • Whee (interjection) Excitement over a ride (as in an amusement park, or a metaphorical ride such as during a stock market crash).

Wear, Where [weər]

  • Wear (verb) to use to cover oneself.
  • Wear (noun) evidence of use; erosion; depreciation.
  • Where (adverb) at, in, or to which, when used after reference to a place or situation.
  • Where (adverb) at what place, when used in a question.

Weather, Wether, Whether ['weð ər]

  • Weather (noun) outside conditions; the variance from climate.
  • Wether (noun) a castrated male sheep. When wearing a bell, its startle or fright will alert the rest of the flock to danger (and it is now called a "bellwether").
  • Whether (conjunction) an exclusive choice between alternatives.

Who's, Whose (hu:z)

  • Who's (combination + elision) a contraction for "who is."
  • Whose (pronoun) Possessive, third-person (for an indefinite person).

Why, Wye [waɪ]

  • Why (adverb) in a question, asking for a reason or explanation.
  • Wye (noun) the 25th letter of the Latin alphabet; or a connector (especially in plumbing) with that shape.

Won see One

Wry see Rye

X

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Xu see Sou

Y

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Yew, You [ju]

  • Yew (noun) common name given to various species of trees and shrubs of the genus Taxus.
  • You (pronoun) second person, nominative or objective case, singular or plural.

Yoke, Yolk [jəʊk]

  • Yoke (noun) is a device which binds two oxen together, making them a team. Metaphorically, two people may be yoked together (as in an unhappy marriage).
  • Yolk (noun) is the part of an egg rich in protein and fat, which nourishes the developing embryo.

Yore, Your, You’re [jʊər]

  • Yore (noun) means “time past,” usually long past.
  • Your (pronoun) is the second person (singular or plural) possessive case.
  • You’re (combination + elision) is a contraction for “you are.”

You see Ewe

Z

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Pronunciation Guide

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